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ADHD Stimulant Medication Stimulant medications are the first-line treatment for ADHD. They have a long history of robust response, good tolerance, and safety over the lifespan. It's important to find the dosage and medication that eases your child's or your own symptoms without causing side negative effects. It can take a lot of trial and error, as and a clear communication with your doctor. Stimulants Stimulants are drugs which increase the activity of the central nervous system. Students workers, athletes, artists and other people use them to boost their performance and cognitive abilities. They are also employed for treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) as well as eating disorders that cause binge eating, and other anxiety disorders. The most commonly used stimulant medications are amphetamines and methylphenidates. FDA-approved prescription stimulants are available in both extended-release and immediate-release formulations. Immediate-release pills are usually taken every 4 hours. They can cause sudden, temporary decrease in energy known as a crash once they wear off. The crash can cause extreme hunger, mood swings, and fatigue. Immediate-release medication can also increase heart rate and blood pressure in certain people, particularly when they don't eat enough. Extended-release medication is formulated to release active ingredients over 8-16 hours. Your doctor may suggest this type of medication if your goal is long-lasting symptom control without having to take a pill multiple times per day. Methylphenidate products that fall into the extended-release category include Ritalin, Concerta, and Focalin. Daytrana is a methylphenidate that acts long-lastingly product that sticks to your skin like a bandage and lasts the entire day. This kind of medicine can be prescribed to adults suffering from ADHD and require daily doses that last longer than the immediate-release options. The use of stimulants does not cure ADHD but it can assist manage the symptoms by improving how neurons in the brain communicate. They accomplish this by altering the levels of neurotransmitters that are present in the brain, like dopamine and norepinephrine. They do this by blocking or binding to their receptors. This allows the release of more neurotransmitters which helps to improve the transmission and reception of messages between neurons. Doctors may prescribe antidepressants in addition to stimulants to treat ADHD. The majority of antidepressants prescribed to treat ADHD affect the norepinephrine and dopamine levels in your brain. Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibiters are a great option for people with anxiety or depression. These drugs are typically combined with stimulants to boost their effectiveness. Another reason your doctor might switch you between stimulant and non-stimulant medication is if the previous medication isn't working, or produces unacceptably adverse side effects. Long-acting Stimulants aid in the treatment of 70%-80 percent of adults and children with ADHD. They can reduce symptoms like fidgeting, arguing with others and losing focus in conversations or tasks. They also help improve social skills and job performance. Stimulant medications start working as soon as they pass through the blood-brain barrier which takes about 45 to 60 minutes. They boost the levels of Dopamine and Norepinephrine in brain cells which reduces hyperactivity and impulseivity. The FDA-approved stimulant medications contain two molecules: Methylphenidate (Adderall, Ritalin, Vyvanse, Concerta) and amphetamine (Ritalin, Adderall XR, Vyvanse XR). The stimulants can trigger side effects including upset stomach, decreased appetite, elevated heart rate and blood pressure, headaches, and nervousness or anxiety. They can also make tics more severe and trigger sleep problems in certain people. Long-acting stimulants, like Strattera or Wellbutrin, work both at night and day. The short-acting drugs only last for a short period of time. They can be employed to treat other conditions such as depression or anxiety. The medications affect the way that your body regulates chemical known as monoamine oxides. Monoamine oxidases break down dopamine inside the brain and other neurotransmitters. If these chemicals aren't eliminated into smaller pieces, they remain in your body longer and affect your behavior and thinking. Long-acting drugs can have less negative effects. Your doctor may prescribe it in smaller doses that you can take throughout the day. Certain stimulants are available in extended-release versions that you can take daily. This may be more convenient for some adults, however it's crucial to remember to take them every day. Other medications have been proven to be effective for many adults suffering from ADHD such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). These are usually prescribed to treat anxiety or depression however they can also be prescribed for ADHD, and about 70% of people respond. Bupropion (Wellbutrin) is another SSRI that has been approved for ADHD and has been proven to be more effective than placebos in one controlled study. These drugs can cause serious side effects, like ringing of the ears anxiety, and changes in vision, heart and lung function. Short-acting Stimulant medication helps reduce ADHD symptoms by increasing dopamine and norepinephrine levels in the brain. These are the two chemicals that aid people in focusing and control their behavior. They come in a variety of different forms and each has its own brand name, like Adderall Vyvanse Ritalin Concerta. There are two main types of stimulant medications, methylphenidates and amphetamines. All have similar effects, but their duration of action varies. The methylphenidates may have a shorter-lasting effect lasting as long as three hours. Amphetamines on the contrary hand have a longer-lasting effect. adhd medication list can tolerate stimulant medication better than others, which is why your doctor may prescribe them. It is essential to know all you can about the medication that you are taking, including the possible side effects, how often it should be taken, and any special warnings that should be heeded. This will help to collaborate with your doctor in figuring out the right medication and dose for you. These medications can also trigger some adverse side effects such as insomnia, or a decrease in appetite. If these occur, talk to your doctor about adjusting the dosage or trying another drug. Adults suffering from ADHD who don't respond to stimulants well, may be treated with nonstimulant medications. These medicines require longer time to work, but they improve the capacity to focus and manage impulses. These drugs might be prescribed alone or in conjunction with stimulants. Atomoxetine, also referred to as Strattera or Qelbree is the first. It works by increasing dopamine and norepinephrine levels in the prefrontal cortex which controls the behavior. Another is Guanfacine (brand name Intuniv) that belongs to a class of medications called alpha agonists. They work by preventing the absorption of these brain chemicals and increasing their concentration in the bloodstream. Guanfacine was developed for high blood pressure, but it also has been proven to aid people suffering from ADHD. Combinations There are many drug combinations used by people who suffer from ADHD. This includes stimulants paired with depressants such as the guanfacine or clonidine. These drugs have a calming effect on the brain and can help reduce symptoms such as sleeplessness and aggressive behavior. They can also reduce withdrawal symptoms from stimulants. However, this combination can be risky if utilized correctly. Serotonin Syndrome is a drug emergency that occurs when there is a high concentration of serotonin in the body. This combination can also increase the heart rate and blood pressure. The risks of using this medication are greater for those with pre-existing health conditions such as high blood pressure or heart disease. Combinations of stimulants are more and more being used by teens and young adults. These drugs are often described as “legal highs” and are sold in pharmacies. They are also available on the black market. These substances are extremely dangerous, especially if mixed with alcohol or other drugs. The use of multiple drugs can be risky. Mixing drugs can result in unpredictability and negative consequences. This includes an increase in heart rate, reduced respiration, hallucinations, and paranoia. A study concluded that combination therapy was more effective than monopharmacotherapy for treating ADHD. Combining medications helped improve adherence and helped patients achieve greater symptom relief than monotherapy. Some patients, however stopped their treatment due to adverse effects. In a few instances, the medication was discontinued because of sleep problems or worsening tics. This could be because of poor diagnosis or a inaccessibility to medications. Nonstimulants can also be used to treat ADHD. They help improve the ability to focus and impulse control, but not as well as stimulants. They are also less likely to suppress growth and affect appetite. Some antidepressants can also be prescribed for ADHD. However, they have a smaller chance of improving concentration and focus. Several studies have shown that atomoxetine and methylphenidate (Concerta) can be combined to produce better results than either drug on its own. The combination of these two medications was proven to improve adherence and reduce side effects in most people. The combination proved effective for adolescents and young adults. This combination may be an alternative for children suffering from severe ADHD.